![]() The use of this numerical method to materials engineers using the MathWorks� The change of rigidity of the frame could give rise to considerable effects in the directional stability and the handling. The elasticity of the frame has an important impact on the directional response (jaw gain, lateral velocity and ultimately the trajectory) of the vehicles. The proposed method offers an easy and quick way to evaluate the dynamic effects in models with flexible frames. MATLAB is used as a platform for evaluation of the dynamics and CALFEM, which is a MATLAB plug-in, is used for the finite element model. The method used is a numerical model of the dynamics coupled with a finite element model of the frame. This work demonstrates that the modified bicycle model is a useful instrument to predict the response of a vehicle. The results obtained show that in the simulations the dynamic effects deteriorate when flexible vehicle frames are considered. In this paper, a method to add elastic effects to the classic ''bicycle model'' for the simulation of the dynamic behaviour of vehicles is presented. Meanwhile, the welding process of GTAW and SMAW give lower springback than the GMAW. The highest springback value of 2 mm is obtained by the specimen of GMAW. The elasticity modulus of specimens of SMAW, GTAW and GMAW method were: 2800 N/mm², 3166 N/mm², and 3300 N/mm², respectively. The result of tensile test indicates that welding process influences the elasticity modulus of mild steel. In the tensile test, three specimens were employed in each variation of welding method. ASTM E8 was selected for tensile test standard. Tensile test was conducted using Gotech Testing Machine series GT-AI-7000L with the maximum load of 5000 kg. GMAW method was carried out by using wire of 0.8 mm diameter, series ER70S-6 and the same parameters with GMAW method. For GTAW process, it used wire of 1.6 mm in diameter, series ER70S-6, shielded gas CO2 with velocity of 10 l/min. SMAW welding process was conducted by using wire of 2.6 mm in diameter, series E7016, current between 60-150 A, and voltage 20-30 Volt. The material used was mild steel plate in 1.5 mm thickness. Specimens were created by using different types of welding for both tensile and u-bending specimens. It is focused on comparing the differences of welding types of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW). The present study investigates the springback phenomenon of mild steel TWB strips in U-bending process. Bending processes are commonly used in sheet metal forming production of automotive components. Among the problems arises in using TWB are springback, cracking, tearing and wrinkling. It is usually applied in side frame, door inner panel, hood inner panel, inner-outer B-pillar, and floor pan. Application of TWB in automotive can reduce car weight, improve quality and reduce fuel consumption. It is also developed to gain both strength and light materials in automotive industries. Several types of welding method can be conducted to join them, i.e., laser welding, electron-beam welding, mash welding, arc welding and friction stir welding. TWB is a blank sheet content of two or more plate with different properties or thickness that has been welded together. Thickness variation in blank sheet can be found in Tailor Welded Blank (TWB). Therefore, variation of blank thickness in one sheet will deliver different springback compared with the constant thickness. It is also influenced by bend angle and sheet blank thickness. Strain distribution along the sheet thickness is relatively not homogeneous. Sheet metal forming at room temperature will have both elastic and plastic deformation due to the metal characteristic of elastic-plastic. Springback is defined as geometrical deviation after the process. In sheet metal forming process, springback is one of the important problems. This verification tool helps students when they implement finite element procedures to solve structural problems Involving FreeMat in the learning process provides a quick verification check for the finite element solution. The spreadsheet is the main learning tool for students to implement finite element procedures whereas FreeMat is used for verification purpose in programming approach and LISA provides a practical skill in using finite element package program. FreeMat, which is a programming based learning tool, is used together with other higher level learning tools Open/Libre Office Spreadsheet and LISA finite element analysis application package. This study presents a strategy of teaching structural line elements involving an open source computer-aided learning tool FreeMat integrated with another open source CALFEM finite element toolbox. One of the important objectives in teaching finite element method at introductory level is to bring students into the comprehension of finite element procedures.
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